What is a basic guideline for performing a facial treatment?

The correct answer, which outlines the steps for performing a facial treatment, highlights the essential process of cleansing, exfoliating, toning, and moisturizing the skin.

Cleansing is the initial step that removes dirt, oils, and makeup, preparing the skin for further treatment. Next, exfoliation helps to slough off dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover and revealing a fresher, more radiant layer of skin. After exfoliation, toning is important to restore the skin's pH balance, tighten pores, and remove any remaining impurities. Finally, moisturizing is vital for hydrating the skin, ensuring it remains supple and protected after the treatment.

This sequence establishes a logical and effective routine that enhances the benefits of each step and is widely recognized in skincare protocols. It also contrasts with the other options, which do not follow the optimal sequence for a facial treatment. For instance, washing, scrubbing, drying, and applying makeup lacks crucial steps that contribute to skin health, while exfoliation before cleansing would not adequately prepare the skin. The approach of moistening, cleansing, hydrating, and massaging does not include toning, which can be an essential part of the facial process.